1. UNESCO. ASSISTANT DIRECTOR GENERAL HARRISON REVIEWED THE ORGANI-
ZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE UN'S SUBSIDIARY BODIES DEALING IN MARITIME
MATTERS, THEIR INTER-CONNECTING COOPERATION AND ASSISTANCE, AND THEIR
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, PARTICULARLY DEVELOPING
STATES. HE URGED CONFERENCE TO HEAD NATURAL LAWS OF OCEANS AS WELL
AS LEGAL AND OFFERED HIS ORGANIZATION'S ASSISTANCE TO PARTICIPANTS.
2. JAPAN. AMB OGISO SAID SURVIVAL OF JAPAN IS DEPENDENT UPON SEAS
WITH FISH PROVIDING OVER HALF THEIR PROTEIN. FORTY-FIVE PERCENT OF
THEIR ANNUAL CATCH ORIGINATES IN SEAS COVERED BY 200 MILE ECONOMIC ZONE
AND 90 PERCENT OF THIS IS IN NORTH PACIFIC OFF COASTS OF DEVELOPED
STATES.
THEREFORE, JAPAN VIEWS 200 MILE ZONE WITH GREAT CONCERN. DESPITE
VITAL DEPENDENCE ON SEA JAPAN'S INTERESTS NEED NOT CONFLICT WITH OTHERS
IF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY CANNOT MAINTAIN ORDER ON SEAS JAPAN SUFFERS
FIRST. OGISO URGED TIMELY SOLUTIONS BUT ONES THAT ACCOMMODATE INTERESTS
OF ALL. JAPAN WILL ACCEPT 12 MILE TERRITORIAL SEA IF CONFERENCE
AGREES ON COMPREHENSIVE, FAIR AND REASONABLE REGIME OF SEA. ON
STRAITS HE URGED FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION TO MAXIMUM EXTENT BUT
ACKNOWLEDGED NEED TO REGARD LEGITIMATE INTERESTS OF COASTAL STATE
REGARDING POLLUTION AND NAVIGATION SAFETY. SECURITY INTERESTS OF
COASTAL STATES CONCERNED SHOULD BE GIVEN DUE ATTENTION. OGISO ASKED FOR
PRECISE DEFINITION OF ARCHIPELAGO TAKING INTO ACCOUNT NEEDS OF
OTHER STATES. REGIME FOR SEABED RESOURCES AND REGIME FOR LIVING
RESOURCES MUST BE TREATED DIFFERENTLY. COASTAL STATE HAS
SOVEREIGN RIGHTS OVER SEABED RESOURCES OUT O 200 MILES. FOR
LIVING RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR CONSERVATION AND
MANAGEMENT IS NECESSARY AS IN REGIONAL FISHERY COMMISSIONS.
JAPAN OPPOSES EXCLUSIVE COASTAL STATE JURISDICITION OVER
FISHERIES AS INEQUITABLE AND PROVISION FOR OTHER STATES TO
TAKE UNUTILIZED CATCH MUST BE PROVIDED. OGISO DISAGREED THAT
ANADRAMOUS STOCKS SHOULD BE EXPLOITED ONLY BY HOST STATE
AND URGED CONSULTATIONS AMONG THOSE FEW STATES AFFECTED.
EXPLOITATION OF DEEP SEABED SHOULD BE CONDUCTED BY APPROPRIATE
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LICENSING SYSTEM.
3. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. AMB BONILLA AYDAR NOTED THAT THE LATIN AMERICAN
COMMUNITY'S DECLARATION AT DANTO DOMINGO CONSTITUTIED THE ESSENCE OF
HIS COUNTRY'S POSITION AND HE REVIEWED THE CENTRAL ELEMENTS OF
THAT DECLARATION. HE ADVOCATED 12 MILE TERRITORIAL SEA AND 188 MILE
PATRIMONIAL SEA WHICH, HE SAID, IS AN ECONOMIC ZONE BUT NOT ONE OF
SOVEREIGNTY. HE STATED EXISTING CONTINENTAL SHELF CONVENTION HAD
TO BE REVISED AS IT FAVORED ONLY DEVELOPED STATES AND LIMIT HAD TO
BE SET TO SHELF. HE URGED CONDEMNATION OF ALL NON-PEACEFUL USES OF
THE OCEAN AND ADVOCATED INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL ANTI-POLLUTION
EFFORTS.
4. ITALY. AMB VARVESI SUGGESTED USING EXISTING LAW TO BUILD UPON
AND SAID THAT RIGHTS OF COASTAL STATE MUST BE BALANCED BY RIGHTS OF
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY. VARVESI SUPPORTED 12 MILE TERRITORIAL SEA
WITH NO SPECIAL DISTINCTION MADE FOR ISLANDS, UNIMPEDED TRANSIT IN
INTERNATIONAL STRAITS, AND INNOCENT PASSAGE IS ESSENTIALLY NATIONAL
STRAITS. HE NOTED THAT COASTAL STATE RIGHTS OVER LIVING RESOURCES MUST
BE TREATED DIFFERENTLY FROM NON-LIVING AND MUST TAKE INTO ACCOUNT NEEDS
OF STATES IN REION. ON POLLUTION ITALY FAVORS CREATION OF SPECIAL
AREAS WITH SPECIAL REGULATIONS. VARVESI WARNED CONFERENCE AGAINST
DANGERS OF CREEPING COASTAL STATE JURISDICTION THREATENDING FREEDOM
OF NAVIGATION.
5. MOROCCO. MINISTER EL KOHEN SAID THAT THEIR 70 MILE EXCLUSIVE
FISHING ZONE OFFERED NO BARRIER TO ACCEPTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEM
ENT.
EL KOHEN SUPPORTED 12 MILE TERRITORIAL SEA, INNOCENT PASSAGE THROUGH
STRAITS, AND FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION IN MAXIMUM 200 MILE ECONOMIC ZONE.
COASTAL STATE SHOULD HAVE EXCLUSIVE CONTROL OF RESOURCES IN ZONE AND
RIGHT TO ESTABLISH POLLUTION STANDARDS. INTERNATIONAL AUTHORITY FOR
DEEP SEABED SHOULD HAVE BROAD POWERS, FINANCIAL AUTONOMY, AND WIDE
REPRESENTATION BY STATES WITH NO BLOCKING CAPACITY BY POWERS.
6. BHUTAN. AMB PENJOR OPPOSED UNILATERAL EXTENSIONS OF NATIONAL
JURISDICTION AS DESTROYING HOPES OF MANKIND BY IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL
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AREA. HE URGED ADOPTION OF PROVISIONS OF KAMPALA DECLARATION, STRONG
INTERNATIONAL REGIME, AND REGIONAL RESOURCE JURISDICTION. INTERESTS
OF LANDLOCKEDS MUST BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT OR GAP BETWEEN RICH AND
POOR WIDENS.
7. UPPER VOLTA. REP EXPRESSED APPRECIATION FOR INVITATION TO PLO.
HE STRESSED RIGHT OF ACCESS TO SEA AND FREE TRANSIT FOR LANDLOCKED
STATES AS IN KAMPALA DECLARATION. UPPER VOLTA SUPPORTS 12-MILE
TERRITORIAL SEA AND 200 MILE EXCLUSIVE ECONCOMIC ZONE SO LONG AS LAND
-
LOCKED STATES CAN PARTICIPATE ON LIVING AND NON-LIVING RESOURCES OF
ZONE. THEY DESIRE APPROPRIATE LANDLOCKED STATE REPRESENTATION IN
ANY DEEP SEABED AUTHORITY.
8. SOMALIA. REP ALSO APPRECIATED INVITATION TO PLO. THEY FAVOR
200-MILE TERRITORIAL SEA WITH INNOCENT PASSAGE FOR COMMERCIAL
VESSELS. MILITARY VESSELS WOULD REQUIRE COASTAL STATE PERMISSION.
INNOCENT PASSAGE SHOULD ALSO BE REGIME IN STRAITS USED FOR
INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION. SOMALIA DID NOT BELIEVE DEEP SEABED
AUTHORITY SHOULD GRANT LICENSES. THEY SUPPORTED VIEWS OF
ARCHIPELAGIC STATES.
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72
ACTION DLOS-07
INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 AF-10 ARA-16 EA-11 EUR-25 NEA-14 RSC-01
IO-14 OIC-04 COA-02 EB-11 FEA-02 JUSE-00 INT-08
COME-00 DOTE-00 NSF-04 OMB-01 TRSE-00 SWF-02 AGR-20
ACDA-19 AEC-11 CG-00 FMC-04 EPA-04 SCI-06 CEQ-02
CEA-02 CIEP-02 CIAE-00 DODE-00 PM-07 H-03 INR-11 L-03
NSAE-00 NSC-07 PA-04 PRS-01 SP-03 SS-20 USIA-15 DRC-01
/278 W
--------------------- 040752
R 181454Z JUL 74
FM AMEMBASSY CARACAS
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 4821
INFO USUN NEW YORK 680
AMEMBASSY JAKARTA
AMEMBASSY LONDON
AMEMBASSY MASERU
AMEMBASSY MOGADISCIO
AMEMBASSY RABAT
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
AMEMBASSY OUAGADOUGOU
AMEMBASSY PARIS
AMEMBASSY ROME
AMEMBASSY SANTO DOMINGO
AMEMBASSY TOKYO
UNCLAS SECTION 2 OF 2 CARACAS 6734
FROM US DEL LOS
DEPT PLEASE PASS TO USIA FOR IPS AND IBS
9. INDONESIA. MINISTER OF JUSTICE MOCHTAR DELIVERED MAJOR
POLICY ADDRESS ON ARCHIPELAGOES. HE EMPHASIZED NATIONAL UNITY
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OF ALL ISLANDS AND REFERRED TO INTERNAL WATERS BETWEEN THEM.
AT SAME TIME HE STATED THAT INNOCENT PASSAGE OF FOREIGN VESSELS
WAS GUARANTEED. MOCHTAR THEN REFERRED TO THEIR DRAFT
ARCHIPELAGO ARTICLES CONTAINING CONCEPT OF
STRAIGHT BASELINES, SOVEREIGNTY WITHIN BASELINES, MEASUREMENT
OF TERRITORIAL SEA FROM BASELINES AND INNOCENT PASSAGE
THROUGH SEALANES. HE DISTINGUISHED ARCHIPELAGOES FROM
CHAINS OF ISLANDS AND ASSOCIATED ARCHIPELAGIC STATE WITH
THOSE WITH WATER ELEMENT LARGER THAN LAND ELEMENT. HE
EXPRESSED OPENNESS TO SUGGESTION FOR MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE
LENGTH FOR BASELINE AND PRECISE RATIO OF LAND AND WATER.
HE CLEARLY DISASSOCIATED ARCHIPELAGIC STATE CONCEPT FROM THAT
OF CONTINENTAL STATE WITH OUTLYING ARCHIPELAGO. HE
DISTINGUISHED BETWEEN MERCHANT VESSELS AND MILITARY VESSELS
STATING THAT INNOCENT PASSAGE THROUGH TRADITIONAL CHANNELS
WHOULD APPLY TO THE FORMER IN ARCHIPELAGIC WATERS. WITH
RESPECT TO MILITARY VESSELS, INDONESIA
HAD QUOTE NO INTENTION TO PREVENT THE PASSAGE OF THESE WARSHIPS
PROVIDED THE TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF THE ARCHIPELAGIC STATE IS
FULLY RECOGNIZED AND AS LONG AS SUCH PASSAGE DOES NOT ENDANGER OUR
SECURITY. UNQUOTE HE STATED THAT SPECIAL SEALANES THROUGH
ARCHIPELAGIC WATERS FOR WARSHIPS WAS BEING CONSIDERED. (NOTE: NO
COMMENT WAS MADE ON REGIME APPLICABLE TO WARSHIPS IN SUCH SEALANES.)
ON ISSUE OF INNOCENT PASSAGE THROUGH STRAITS NEEDED FOR INTERNATIONAL
NAVIGATION, MOCHTAR ENDORSED NEED FOR MORE PRECISE DEFINITION I.E.
OBJECTIVE INNOCENT PASSAGE DOCTRINE. INDONESIA ENDORSED ECONOMIC
ZONE AND PATRIMONIAL SEA, FAVORED RETENTION OF CONTIGUOUS ZONE CONCEPT
AND CONTINETAL SHELF RIGHTS AND WAS SYMPATHETIC TO NEEDSOF QUOTE
GENUINELY UNQUOTE GEOGRAPHICALLY DISADVANTAGED STATES. SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH SHOULD BE WITH CONSENT OF COASTAL STATE WITHIN NATIONAL
JURISDICTION AND FREEDOM OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH UNDER INTERNATIONAL
REGIME IN AREA BEYOND. HE MENTIONED NEED FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION
OF SEMI-ENCLOSED SEA PROBLEMS.
10. UNCTAD (A) MR G.D. ARSENIS SAID LOGICAL EXPECTATION OF SEABED
EXPLOITATION IN INTERNATIONAL AREA IS MAXIMUM INCOME BENEFIT
FOR LDCS AND EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION, ON PREFERENTIAL BASIS,
BY LDCS IN PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND MARKETING OF THE PRODUCE. HE
NOTED UNCTAD IS ELABORATING NEW MULTI-DIMENSIONAL COMMODITY STRATEGY
WHICH WOULD INCLUDE PRICE STABILIZATION MEASURES, MEASURES IN
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MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION, ASSURANCE OF ADEQUATE SUPPLIES, AND
LINKING OF PRICES OF COMMODITIES TO PRICES OF MANUFACTURED GOODS.
(B) IF NORMAL COMMERCIAL CRITERIA GUIDE PRODUCTION OF MINERALS FROM
SEABED IT BENEFITS MINERAL CONSUMERS IN DEVELOPED STATES. EARNINGS OF
LAND BASED PRODUCERS OF METALS WOULD GROW LESS RAPIDLY THAN OTHERWISE
AND MAY DECLINE INSOME CASES. UNCTAD STUDIES INDICATE MODEST
VOLUME OF SEABED OUT PUT IN 1980 OF COBALT, MANGANESE ORE AND COPPER
WOULD LOWER (IN ABSENCE OF SEA BED MINING)LDC EXPORT EARNINGS BY
360 MILLION DOLLARS. NET INCOME FROM INTERNATIONAL SEA BED
AUTHORITY COULD NOT COMPENSATE THOSE COUNTRIES FOR EXPORT LOSS.
(C) UNCTAD BELIEVES FIRM ARRANGEMENTS ARE REQUIRED TO PREVENT SEABED
MINING FROM HARMING LDC ECONCOMIES. HE SUGGESTED EITHER COMPENSATORY
APPROACH OR CONTROL OF PRODUCTION, DISPOSAL, OR SELLING PRICES.
(D) UNCTAD ADVOCATES THAT INTERNATIONAL AUTHORITY EITHER UNDERTAKE
MINING IT SELF OR BE EQUIPPED WITH FULL REGULATORY AND TAXING POWERS.
IF PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES ARE CARRIED OUT BY NATIONAL ENTERPRISES THEN
TAXATION AND CONDITIONS GOVERNING ENTRY OF PRODUCT INTO HOME COUNTRY
OF PRODUCING ENTERPRISE SHOULD BE SUCH THAT SEBED MINERALS DO NOT
RECEIVE PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT OVER LAND PRODUCTION BY LDCS.
11. LESOTHO. AMB MOLAPO DESCRIBED LESOTHO'S PECULIAR GEOGRAPHIC
SITUATION AS LANDLOCKED SURROUNDED BY "RACIST SOUTH AFRICA".
MOLAPO URGED CONF TO ADOPT PROVISIONS OF KAMPALA DECLARATION AND
GUARANTEE RIGHT OF FREE ACCESS TO SEA. HE DELIVERED HEAVY HANDED
ATTACK ON CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC ZONE AS ANNEXATION OF SEAS BY COASTAL
STATES OF THRID WORLD. MOLAPO PROPOSED TWO ZONES: ONE EXTENDING
REASONABLE DISTANCE FROM EDGE OF TERRITORIAL SEA FOR USE OF ALL STATES
IN REGION AND THE SECOND THE INTERNATIONAL AREA. HE SAID THERE SHOULD
BE STRONG REGULATORY AUTHORITY TO VOERSEA USES OF SEAS IN BOTH ZONES.
12. VENEZUELA. FOREIGN MINISTER SCHACHT ARISTEGUIETA ENDORSED 12
MILE TERRITORIAL SEA AND 200 MILE PATRIMONIAL SEA. INTERNATIONAL
AUTHORITY FOR DEEP SEABEDS SHOULD HAVE SUFFICIENT POWERS TO
CARRY OUT NECESSARY ACTIVITIES. FONMIN SPECIFICALLY ENDORSED
RIGHT OF LANDLOCKED STATES FOR ACCESS TO SEA AND TURNING
OVER OF PANAMA CANAL TO PANAMA. HE ACKNOWLEDGED THAT CONVENTION
COULD NOT BE CONCLUDED AT CARACAS. CHAIRMAN AMERASINGHE
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ANNOUNCED THAT GENERAL DEBATE IN PLENARY WAS COMPLETED AFTER
STATEMENTS BY 115 STATES AND OTHER REPRESENTATIVES OF NGOS,
COUNCIL ON NAMIBIA AND THE UN SPECIALIZED AGENCIES.
STEVENSON
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